According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, over 25% of adults with arthritis report severe pain, and one-third report it limiting their leisure activities and work. There are over 100 different types of arthritis and related conditions, and osteoarthritis is one of the most common forms that we, as physiotherapists, see in our practice.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative process that results in the deterioration of a joint. As we age, our joints change over time due to the wear and tear that we place on them. The breakdown of cartilage in our joints causes our bones to develop bone spurs, or osteophytes, in an attempt to stabilize the joint. The joints may become inflamed and swollen, resulting in aches and pains, as well as a gradual loss of mobility.
There are two types of osteoarthritis:
Primary osteoarthritis
In this form of arthritis, there is no predisposing factor. It is associated with aging, and people typically tend to develop it when they are 55 to 60+ years old. This type of arthritis is more commonly diagnosed, and it is a result of us using our joints over time.
Secondary osteoarthritis
Secondary arthritis has a specific cause, such as a previous injury, specific occupations, inflammatory diseases, obesity, genetics, or other conditions. This form of arthritis usually develops at an earlier age (around 40 or 50) due to these predisposing risk factors.
Physiotherapy
A number of treatment options are available to relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis. As it is an irreversible condition, it will only get worse over time, so our goal is to help reduce pain and slow the progression of the disease.
Physiotherapists may use different modalities (i.e. manual therapy, laser, ultrasound, TENS/IFC, acupuncture, etc.) to help with pain, swelling, and inflammation. However, exercise is arguably the most important treatment for osteoarthritis and is beneficial in improving joint range of motion, strength, and flexibility. Arthritis likes movement, so don't be fearful: move. Moving increases circulation and joint lubrication; thus, it reduces stiffness and pain. Other aspects, such as self-management techniques and education, are crucial, as well as lifestyle changes and activity modifications.
Some patients with severe arthritis will eventually need to get a total joint replacement, but it's important to delay that process as long as possible since the hardware only have a certain lifespan. If a joint replacement is required, physiotherapy (both pre- and post-surgery) can speed the return to functional activities.
Why suffer the symptoms of arthritis for the rest of your life? Catch it early and get help before it progresses!
